Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity

BACKGROUND: Recent discoveries suggest that arealization of the mammalian cortical sheet develops in a manner consonant with principles established for embryonic patterning of the body. Signaling centers release morphogens that determine regional growth and tissue identity by regulating regional expression of transcription factors. Research on mouse cortex has identified several candidate morphogens that affect anteroposterior or mediolateral cortical regionalization as well as mitogenesis. Inbred strains of laboratory mice can be exploited to study cortical area map formation if there are significant phenotypic differences with which to correlate gene polymorphism or expression data. Here we describe differences in the cortical area map of two commonly used inbred strains of laboratory mice, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. Complete cortical hemispheres from adult mice were dissected and stained for the cytochrome oxidase enzyme in order to measure histochemically defined cortical areas. RESULTS: C57BL/6J has the larger neocortex, relatively larger primary visual cortex (V1), but relatively smaller posterior medial barrel subfield of the primary somatosensory cortex (PMBSF). The sample of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice can be discriminated with 90% accuracy on the basis of these three size dimensions. CONCLUSION: C57BL/6J and DBA/2J have markedly different cortical area maps, suggesting that inbred strains harbor enough phenotypic variation to encourage a forward genetic approach to understanding cortical development, complementing other approaches

Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity"</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():18-18.</p><p>Published online 17 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1079866.</p><p>Copyright © 2005 Airey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>rtex, and barrel cortex areas (centered by mean and scaled by standard deviation). The projection shows the separation of strains predicted by the logistic regression model (or equivalent discriminant analysis)

Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity"</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():18-18.</p><p>Published online 17 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1079866.</p><p>Copyright © 2005 Airey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> regression model including neocortex, visual cortex, and barrel cortex areas

Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity"</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():18-18.</p><p>Published online 17 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1079866.</p><p>Copyright © 2005 Airey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>rtex in C57BL/6J mice

Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity"</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():18-18.</p><p>Published online 17 Mar 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1079866.</p><p>Copyright © 2005 Airey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>me oxidase and the boundaries of neocortex, visual cortex, barrel cortex (PMBSF), somatosensory cortex, and auditory cortex outlined in black

Performance of the 2017 and 2010 Revised McDonald Criteria in Predicting MS Diagnosis After a Clinically Isolated Syndrome: A MAGNIMS Study

Background and objectives: To compare the performance of the 2017 revisions to the McDonald criteria with the 2010 McDonald criteria in establishing MS diagnosis and predicting prognosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: CSF examination, brain and spinal cord MRI obtained ≤5 months from CIS onset, and a follow-up brain MRI acquired within 15 months from CIS onset were evaluated in 785 CIS patients from 9 European centers. Date of second clinical attack and of reaching Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) ≥ 3.0, if they occurred, were also collected. Performance of the 2017 and 2010 McDonald criteria for dissemination in space (DIS), time (DIT) (including oligoclonal bands assessment) and DIS + DIT for predicting a second clinical attack (clinically definite [CD] MS) and EDSS ≥ 3.0 at follow-up was evaluated. Time to MS diagnosis for the different criteria was also estimated. Results: At follow-up (median = 69.1 months), 406/785 CIS patients developed CDMS. At 36 months, the 2017 DIS + DIT criteria had higher sensitivity (0.83 vs 0.66), lower specificity (0.39 vs 0.60) and similar area under the curve values (0.61 vs 0.63). Median time to MS diagnosis was shorter with the 2017 vs the 2010 or CDMS criteria (2017 revision = 3.2; 2010 revision = 13.0; CDMS = 58.5 months). The 2 sets of criteria similarly predicted EDSS ≥ 3.0 milestone. Three periventricular lesions improved specificity in patients ≥45 years. Discussion: The 2017 McDonald criteria showed higher sensitivity, lower specificity and similar accuracy in predicting CDMS compared to 2010 McDonald criteria, while shortening time to diagnosis of MS. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that the 2017 McDonald Criteria more accurately distinguish CDMS in patients early after a CIS when compared to the 2010 McDonald criteria